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Brief
Introduction to
the Three Gorges Project Construction |
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China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Corporation (CTGPC)
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| Three
Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy project ever built
in the world. The dam site is situated in Sandouping of Yichang City,
Hubei Province, about 38km upstream from the existing Gezhouba Project.
The project is composed of a dam, two powerhouses and navigation facilities.
The spillway section is placed in the center, while the powerhouses
are arranged on its both sides. The permanent navigation structures
are located on the left bank side. The dam is of a concrete gravity
type. The total length of the dam axis is about 2,309 meters, with
the crest elevation at 185m. There are 14 sets of hydro turbine generator
units installed in the left powerhouse while 12sets in the right.
Thus, there are 26 sets of turbine generator units in total, 70OMW
for each, totaling 18,200MW in installed capacity that will produce
84.7TW h of electricity output annually. The dynamic cost of TGP is
203.90 billion RMB Yuan by rough estimate. The total duration of construction
will last 17 years, divided into three stages. The first stage construction
lasts 5 years from 1993 to 1997. The second stage construction lasts
6 years from 1998 to 2003. The third stage construction lasts 6 years
from 2003 to 2009. After the project completed, the total storage
capacity of the reservoir will be 39.3 billion m', with the normal
pool level at 175m. It will be the most important project functioning
as a backbone in flood control system to protect the areas in the
middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River With a 22.15 billion m'
of flood control storage capacity of the reservoir, the Jingjiang
River Section will be able to raise its flood control capability from
the present 10-year frequency to the 100-year. And the 660km long
waterway from Yichang to Chongqing will obviously be improved, making
it possible for 10,000 tons of barge fleet to sail upstream directly
to Chongqing. |
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Exhibition
Hall of Three Gorges |
China
Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Corporation (CTGPC) is
an autonomous economy entity, keeping separate accounting, assuming
sole responsibility for its profits and loses, with legal entity
position, and is the owner of the project, responsible for the overall
construction of the project and its management of operation and
maintenance after the completion of the project, and also responsible
for the financing and reimbursement of investment including the
fund for resettlement Gezhouba Power Plant is a component part of
CTGPC. The corporation is sincerely looking forward to cooperating
with all interested organizations and individuals from all over
the world.
Dam Area The total construction area of dam site is 15.28 km. Its
fundamental establishment and enclosed management provide favorable
conditions for TGP construction. The dam area is planned to be a
National forest Park, and will turn to be a worldwide famous tourism
scenic spot, where actual scenery and modern project are combined
together.
Second Stage Construction On Nov. 8, 1997, the closure of Yangtze
River’s grand channel has been achieved successfully. From
then on, the second stage construction has begun. The main objectives
of the construction are as follows: Concrete pouring of the spillway
section, left powerhouse section and none overflow section will
begin and reach the elevation of 1854m; concrete placement is going
on the upstream head of the shiplift, and the permanent ship locks
will be put into operation; The 2nd stage up-and down-stream cofferdams
will be removed and the impounding water of the reservoir will begin
and reach the pool level of 135 m, In Dec. 2002, the diversion channel
will be enclosed and the upstream 3rd stage RCC cofferdam is to
be built in it before flood season. According to the scheme, 17
million m of concrete will be poured, 180,000 tons metal structures
will be installed, and 80 billion RMB Yuan will be invested during
the 2nd stage construction. |
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Landscape
of Xiling Yangtze Bridge |
Second
Stage Transverse Cofferdams were built on both upstream and downstream
so as to form, together with the completed RCC longitudinal cofferdam,
the 2nd stage construction pit. The total length of the upstream
cofferdam axis is about 1,400 m, with crest elevation at 88.5m.
While the length of the downstream cofferdam axis is about 1,075m,
with crest elevation at 81.5m. Concrete was poured inside the cofferdams
so as to prevent water from infiltrating.
Spillway Section and Left Powerhouse Section concrete placement
of the spillway section and left powerhouse is the main construction
work in 1999. 3.42 million-m concrete is designed to be poured,
and metal structures will be installed. Till the end of this year,
left powerhouse section will be 30m higher. In 2003, the first batch
of generation units will be put into operation. |
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Exhibition
Hall |
Permanent
Shiplock is situated on the left bank. The main work quantities of
the shiplock consist of earth-rock excavation of 36.85 million m,
concrete pouring of 3.57 million m, metal works erection of 41,700
tons. The shiplock is 1,607m long, schemed as a double-lane and five-step
flight locks, each lock chamber is dimensioned at 280x34x5m (length
width minimum water depth) capable of passing 10,000 tons of barge
fleet. The total length of underground water feed and empty system
is about 7,000m. It takes over 2 and half hours for ships going through
the permanent shiplock. By the end of this year, all the excavation
work for the lock chambers will be finished. Metal structures installation
of lock gates will start in 2000, complete in June, 2003. According
to the scheme, the permanent shiplock will be put into operation in
July, 2003.
Temporary Shiplock was in use on May 1, 1998. It is the main navigation
facility during the 2nd stage construction, especially in flood season.
The effective chamber size is 240x24x4m (length x width x minimum
water depth).
Shiplift works like an elevator. It is designed as a one stage vertical
hoisting type wit ha ship container sized 120 x 18 x 3.5m (length
x width x minimum water depth), capable of carrying one 3,000 tons
passenger or cargo boats each time. The capacity of annual one-was
navigation is 3.5 million tons. It only takes 40 minutes for boats
going through. It is schemed to be put into operation by 2009.
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Exhibition
Hall |
| Equipment
for concrete placements Of all the equipment used in the 2nd stage
concrete placements, 18 units are made in overseas while 12 ones are
domestics. Seven concrete mixing plants at different elevation can
convey different kinds of concrete to 6 tower-belt conveyer system,
4 mobile belt conveyers, 8 gantry cranes, 1 tower crane, 2 cable cranes,
2 caterpillar cranes receptively. Among those, ROTEC tower-belt conveyer
system made in the United States is advanced and newly in structure.
It is composed of tower crane and belt-conveyer the conveying system
can rotate with a radius of 80m to fulfill the need of massive concrete
works, extremely in high intensity. |
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Temporary
shiplock |
The
Artificial aggregate systems can crush different size of granite into
aggregate. The aggregate systems in TGP dam site are located at Gushuling
and Xia’anxi. The aggregate system in Gushuling and Xia’anxi.
The aggregate system in Gushuling is situated between the permanent
ship-lock and the temporary shiplock on the left bank, with a coarse
production capacity of 482600 m monthly. While Xia’anxi aggregate
system, the biggest one in the world, is sited at Jigongling beside
TGP Expressway, with a fine size aggregate production capacity of
261000 m monthly.
Tanziling is the top point in TGP dam site at elevation 262.48 m,
around which is dressed up with embossments about mankind and water.
On Tanziling, you can have a bird’s-eye view of the 15.28 km
TGP dam area. After the completion of TGP Tanziling will be a permanent
sightseeing point.
TGP Expressway With the length of 28.60 km, TGP Expressway, which
began to be built in 1994, and was opened in October 1996, cost 1
billion RMB Yuan. Along the Expressway there are 34 bridges with 4
special long ones and 5double-line tunnels with a 3610m-long Muyucao
tunnel in single line which is the longest one in China’s highway
tunnels. Being called the museum of bridges and tunnels, the Expressway,
with bridges and tunnels come to 40%, is the stem road in the communication
of TGP. |
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Exhibition
Hall |
| Xiling
Yangtze Bridge, located 4.5 km downstream from TGP dam site, is the
main road between the left and the right banks. It was opened on August
10th, 1996. The bridge is suspension type with the length of 1118.66m
and the load capacity of 290 tons. The single span of this bridge
is 900m, and the crest elevation of the tower is 187.5m. The width
of the bridge is 18m with 4 lanes and two sidewalks on its both side.
The diameter of the two tight wires is 57 cm, and the tight wire is
composed of 10010 pieces of steel wire. The bridge is like a rainbow
goes through the north and south banks of the Yangtze River. |
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Training
Center |
The
Three Gorges Dam Area Reception Center invested by CTGPC, is a modern
hotel built standardized after international star hotel. The 26-floor
building accommodates 506 guestrooms including standard rooms, single
rooms, executive suites, deluxe suites and presidential suite. Each
of the guestrooms is equipped with central controlled air-condition,
IDD system, mini-bar, refrigerator, cable TV to make your stay enjoyable.
The hotel has a Chinese restaurant, providing you with Sichuan and
Guangdong dishes, Western restaurant gives you a good taste of European
cuisine, and "century" dining hall is an integration of
Chinese and western style. Bar provides you with a n elegant environment
and relaxing atmosphere. There are also Business Center, Shopping
Arcade, Bowling Rooms, Fitness Room, Billiard Room, Beauty Salon,
Dancing Hall, and Meeting Rooms and so on in the hotel.
The Training Center is a foundation for training and education of
CTGPC; it has apartment building, educating building and dining hall.
Advanced acoustics, lamplight and multimedia computer system has been
equipped in the education building. There are modern equipment and
6-way language simultaneous interpretation in the 260-people international
meeting hall. There are 7 classrooms in different sizes, 30-seat computer
classroom and a compute assistant design room, all of which can hold
560 people. |
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| The
Three Gorges Exhibition Hall was opened on October 1st, 1992, with
a proportion of 6600 m. According to special topics, the Exhibition
Hall can be divided into TGP construction, environment protection,
resettlement, scientific and technological development, power generation,
painting and calligraphy, photography and so on. The Exhibition Hall
is arranged standardized after international exhibition, with film
hall and honored guest hall in it. There is a color-sprayed three
gorges hold landscape in the lobby, which is the biggest one in China
with grandiose momentum. |
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Exhibition
Hall |
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